Functions Of A Human Resource Management Essay - 2160 Words

Abstract In this weeks discussion this paper will be researching and identifying the six main functions of a Human Resource Management (HRM) department, or simply just HR, and some changes they have went through over the years. Historically evolved from personnel and became human resources to meet the ever more complex rules, laws, and regulations that has developed over the years. HR is looked at as a system devised for the management of people inside an organization or business. Human Resource Management (HRM) includes a variety of task such as conducting job analyses, planning personnel needs, recruiting the right people for the job, orienting and doing the training, managing payroll, and providing benefits and incentives, evaluating performance, resolving disputes, and communicating with all employees at all levels. Basically its the part of the business that focuses on the activities relating to their employees and taking care of them. Essentially its purpose is to maximize the productivity of the business by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees. This essay will include research from the internet, EBSCOhost, and course materials to better assist the readers in understanding the six main functions that HRM do in order to help make sure the business is a success and profitable. The discussion will further go into the when it came about and how the human resources department got its name and the different roles it has gained in the business over the years.Show MoreRelatedFunctions Of Human Resource Management1632 Words   |  7 Pages Primary function human resource management can divide into primary and secondary function primary function is directly involved with obtaining, maintaining and developing employee. Primary function included human resource planning, equal employment opportunity, staffing, recruitment, and selection. Compensation and benefit, employee, labor relation health, safety and security and human resource development. Secondary function included organization, job design, performance appraisal system, andRead MoreThe Human Resource Function Of Management1447 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Management of human resources is a very dynamic concept whose excision requires a delicate touch. Human resource refers to the mass of staff within an organization. It is from the synergistic effect of these members that the organization is able to formulate a vision, develop strategies and implement them towards the realization of this vision. A consistent approach towards the management of this resource is therefore a very critical asset for an organization. Generally, the human resource functionRead MoreThe Human Resource Management Function Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesshrinking the cultural and physical borders between countries for trade through the relaxed legal framework. Due to the increasing globalization the multi-national companies have to face new challenges to work efficiently across the borders. Human resource management function has to be reshaped to operate in new countries. Despite all the advantages of adopting the parent companies’ familiar practices, it does not prove to be effective in all countries (Brewster Mayrhofer, 2015). There is a significantRead MoreThe Functions Of Human Resources Management3354 Words   |  14 Pagesdepartment and fully understand the functions and requirements of HR within the current economic climate as well as the importance in relation to the labour market. Introduction Within this report it will examine the functions of Human Resources Management (HRM) within CJ Hotels and its importance during the current economic climate. In addition need to first look at what HRM actually is and what it means, according to Torrington et al, (2009) HRM means â€Å"Human resource management is a strategic, integratedRead MoreFunctions of Human Resource Management3887 Words   |  15 PagesHuman resource management Introduction Human resource management (HRM) incorporates various functions. The primary function of HRM is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of the goals and objectives of the organization. There are many areas in which HRM can be applied to help in this primary function. These areas will be discussed in detail in this paper as well as how they relate to HRM and how they work together to help in the achievement of the primaryRead MoreThe Functions Of Human Resources Management3354 Words   |  14 Pagesdepartment and fully understand the functions and requirements of HR within the current economic climate as well as the importance in relation to the labour market. Introduction Within this report it will examine the functions of Human Resources Management (HRM) within CJ Hotels and its importance during the current economic climate. In addition need to first look at what HRM actually is and what it means, according to Torrington et al, (2009) HRM means â€Å"Human resource management is a strategic, integratedRead MoreHuman Resource Management Functions Of The Company1635 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resource Management Function Based on Bandag’s size, it is important for the company to look closely at the human resource functions of the company. Currently, Jim’s executive assistant handles the day-to-day human resource management. It is important to first ask if Jim’s executive assistant has the expertise to deal with the day-to-day human resource tasks or is this an additional burden on the assistant. It may appear as a burden due to the many problems the company is experiencing. Read MoreThe Key Functions Of The Human Resource Management895 Words   |  4 Pages The three key functions of the human resource management (HR) department that support the health care field the most are: motivating healthcare employees, demographic and diversity trends, and information systems in the field. (ncbi.nlm.nih) If an organization is unable to provide a work environment that motivates its staff to perform to their maximum potential, staff will gravitate to another organization. Healthcare organizations must value their staff by providing professional training opportunitiesRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Essential Function1265 Words   |  6 PagesHuman resource management is an essential function in organizations dedicated to improve or maximize the performance of the labor force of the whole organization or to support a company’s strategy in achieving its target goals such as profitability. HRM is fundamentally concerned with the development and management of the employee within corporation. HR missions are fulfilled by trained profes sionals and HRM is usually referred as â€Å"involving people practices† (Noe et al., 2015) since an entire functionalRead MoreKey Functions Of Human Resource Management Essay2433 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Human Resource Management is an essential function of any organization which is designed to meet a firm s objectives and strategies towards achieving it s goals. Human Resource Management is concerned with people management and lays down a framework of policies and guidelines within which the management of people is administered. To understand this business function more closely, we have been assigned with a group task to research and understand the functions and application of human resource

Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness - 2015 Words

Equality as a Running Theme in American Thinking American philosophy is littered with differences in opinion, on matters of knowledge, our purposes as humans, and the ways we perceive the world around us. As I examine the works of thinkers like the enlightenment-driven Jefferson, the transcendentalists Emerson and Thoreau, and racially thinking philosophers like DuBois and Douglas, it becomes clear that an important basis of some of our greatest thought in America is the notion that all humans are created equal. Thomas Jefferson, as well as other American enlightenment thinkers at the time, held the belief that â€Å"all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† (US, 1776) This line from the Declaration of Independence does not make a distinction between any groups of people – it specifies that ALL men have access to these unalienable rights, which p roves to be in conflict with the system of enslavement prevalent in America at the time. Jefferson, like Benjamin Franklin, also subscribed to the religious principles of Deism, a faith that believes God created the earth and then stepped back, leaving humans with the ability to think rationally. This was an extremely progressive belief at the time, because it gave followers the freedom to think for themselves about what they thought was logical. It also established a controversial way of thinking – that anyShow MoreRelatedThe Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Declaration of Independence declares that human beings have certain unalienable rights, â€Å"that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Through slavery, these rights were systematically denied to a select class of people. George Santayana (1905) commented that, â€Å"those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.† Although abortion is legal in this country, the debate on whether it should be or not is far from settled. In November of 2014, Colorado Amendment 67 (TheRead MoreThe, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1679 Words   |  7 Pageshold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. These words represent the ideals of our country, but at the time that they were written, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness were withheld from many members of american society. Racism, the belief that the physical appearance of a person or group determines their capabilities and that oneRead MoreThe, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1999 Words   |  8 Pages​â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness† are the ideals the United States was founded on. This means that everyone has a right to live and do what makes them happy. They are able t o do this without fear of punishment, retaliation, or persecution. However, some countries throughout history, believed that this was not the correct way for their people to live. They felt that the government should have absolute control over everything the people did. In light of this, such a country may be ledRead MoreThe On Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1467 Words   |  6 Pages In the United States, we really put an emphasis on liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is one of our founding principles; however, in some areas, we seem to want to limit that. For example, in our education system, our society has been arguing for quite some time about whether or not there should be options or whether everyone should be required to attend the standard brick-and-mortar public schools. While those schools serve a critical purpose in our society, that does not mean that otherRead MoreThe, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe words â€Å"†¦ that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† are the building blocks that gave rise to one of the greatest countries, the United States of America. Without the help of influential leaders, such as Thomas Paine and his thought provoking writing Common Sense, this country’s independence would have ceased to exist. In April of 1775 the war began which would beRead MoreLiberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness2764 Words   |  12 PagesAccording to the Declaration of Independence, one of the documents on which our country bases its government on, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† So is there a reason, or cause that someone could lose these God given rights? What would bring about the stripping of a citizens birthright of the enumerated freedoms, laid out by the United States Constitution? Perhaps a violationRead MoreLife, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness789 Words   |  4 Pagesshould declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We reaffirm today these truths to self-evident, that all people are created equal, that they are endowed by creation with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That these rights are secured by Governments instituted among Men and deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - And when Government has become destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alterRead MoreLife, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness902 Words   |  4 PagesAs a citizen of the United States, you are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is a VIRTUE that everyone embarks on; however, what if you were told you were doing it wrong? Aristotle begins his STORY stating that â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim.† He goes on to say then, becaus e these ends at which we aim are onlyRead MoreLife, Liberty, The Pursuit Of Happiness1852 Words   |  8 Pages Life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness; this is one prime reasons why America is so great. Very few places can you go and get what America has to offer. ‘Of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants†, this is the definition of ‘American’ according to Google. Why is this ‘relevant’, you might ask? Lets take a look back, Apollo 13 and Argo films showed just what its like to represent America, and embodied what the American dream is made of, and what it is like to comeRead MoreWomen, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Despite our founding stating that all men are created equal, the course of history has proven otherwise. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, reforms were m ade, but the lack of equality still remained unresolved. Today the conquest for racial equality and reform still remains a prevalent

Document Categorization in Legal Electronic †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Document Categorization in Legal Electronic. Answer: Introduction An interplay of humans and computers, Technology Assisted Review (hereafter, TAR) in the management of commercial litigation, is viewed as an empowering, modern, cost-effective and efficient alternative to the exhaustive manual and time-consuming manual review of legal documents[1]. This paper is contextualised with an understanding of what TAR is in order to critically examine the benefits and effectiveness and weighs them against the limitations that the technology presents. The decision judgment handed down by Vickery J in the case of McConnell Dowell Constructors (Aust) Pty Ltd v. Santam Ltd Ors (No 1) [2016] VSC 734 (McConnell) is considered amongst a number of cases and incidents that TAR was utilised. It will be critically discussed and argued that the benefits that flow from the use of TAR in civil litigation do outweigh the problems that will be identified in this regard and superior results are accomplished through the use of the technology. TAR in the management of commercial litigation TAR extensively relies on computers for purposes of carrying out an electronic review of documents. It relies extensively on predictive coding. This is a type of coding technique that automatically makes predictions based on the needs of a researcher.[2] TAR has been recognised as a process of document discovery, whereby it is possible for a human to look to interact with a computer program with the intention of then locating documents that are relevant to a particular case.[3] TAR takes the input from humans regarding documents that are labelled relevant or non-relevant and draws deductions vis-a-vis other similar documents. The computer software will finally order the number of documents chosen for review by relevance so as to then be able to guide the process of review. The Courts opinion in McConnell Dowell Constructors (Aust) Pty Ltd v. Santam Ltd Ors (No 1) [2016] VSC 734 Justice Vickery's decision in the case of McConnell could be said to reflect a growing trend by international jurisdictions to use TAR to simplify the document discovery process in cases of civil litigation. His Honour endorsed the idea of using predictive coding in the discovery process. In the view of Justice Vickery, arbitration normally involves issues pertaining to the implementation of a contract. Therefore, use of technology to de-duplicate will help in the reduction of about 4 million documents to be read, to about 1.4 million. This is an aspect that was identified in the Irish Bank case[4]. In the view of the High Court, TAR is an accurate method of identifying documents. Consequently, Justice Vickery recognised that the time and expense involved with using traditional methods to review this kind of material would be prohibitive. As a result, there was a need to look to use TAR to reduce the volume of material to be reviewed to a far more workable number of documents in the thousands. The Supreme Court's decision in this case is significant because it was the first in Australia to order TAR's use to reduce the time and effort otherwise typically involved with discovering documents in cases of civil litigation (see Vickery, 2015 and Warren, 2015 see also Money Max Int Pty Limited (Trustee) v. QBE Insurance Group Limited [2016] FCAFC 148). In so doing, the decision of the Court in this case in Australia followed several other major western jurisdictions, including the UK[5], the Republic of Ireland[6] and the United States of America[7]. The decision in this case, arose after a number of Practice Notes which endorsed the use of electronic technology for purposes of ensuring that civil litigation is effective. A good example is Practice Note SC Gen 5, which recognised the use of technology in matters of civil litigation. From this Practice Note, it was observed that technology plays an important role in modern communication, and a large number of communication processes are now carried out through the use of technological tools, and this includes the storage of communication documents (Supreme Court of Victoria, 2017). Consequently, this Practice Note looked to expressly encourage the use of electronic documentation in civil litigation so that the use of hard copy' will be the exception that needs to be justified (Supreme Court of Victoria, 2017). This is because, in the large cases in particular, it is believed that TAR will usually be an accepted method for completing document discovery in civil litigation that a court may order regardless of whether the parties involved actually consented to it (Supreme Court of Victoria, 2017 see also Federal Court of Australia, 2016). Benefits of using TAR in civil litigation Due to the extensive development of Australia as a commercial hub, the courts and practitioners have a number of opportunities,[8] so the legal system must operate in an efficient way to cater for the needs of individuals and businesses. The benefits considered in regards to TAR's use in cases of civil litigation include significant time and cost savings.[9] It has been found that the amount of data to be reviewed in litigation is significantly increasing on an annual basis meaning that there is a need to look beyond the traditional review process to reduce both the time and costs involved for the end client. It was also discovered that cases that have used analytics went through four times as many documents as those cases not utilising the technology.[10] It is understood that TAR's use may serve to significantly reduce how many documents need to be reviewed in a particular case. This means that it is easier to efficiently and quickly review legal documents that are useful to a particular case[11]. This in turn helps the courts to implement the provisions contained in section 56(1) of the Civil Procedure Act. This section requires the courts to facilitate a quick and fast resolution of disputes. Note that, predictive coding helps to identify the most relevant documents to use in litigation, and avoids an overlap of documentations, a process that is also known as Jaccard index. This is an index where independent assessors are able to identify a number of documents as relevant.[12] Note that, when there is an overlap between the independent assessors, chances of a delay occurring are high, and this may be expensive to the litigants, thus frustrating the intentions of using TAR. Moreover, this can affect the accuracy of getting the most needed documents for review. Additionally, concept clustering, where technology clusters similar types of documents together and disregards irrelevant clusters of documents can aid in achieving the overarching purpose. Outstandingly, despite the fact that the use of TAR can increase the speed with which the document discovery process in completed, nothing is lost in terms of accuracy when it comes to those documents that are relevant in a specific instance (as long as the process has been appropriately set up). This is given to the fact that unlike a human assessor that could potentially suffer review fatigue, TAR does not experience such weaknesses and chances of it being consistent and reliable are high. Additionally, lawyers who use the TAR system can benefit from the conceptual searches that TAR allows. It will enable them to get relevant documents that can enable them understand the concepts of the case they are handling. TAR can create greater uniformity between courts as well as ensure public confidence in the legal system, as it will seek to reduce waste of public resources arising from adjournments and settlements in situations where parties simply cannot afford trial. Technology assisted review has the capability of helping marginalized litigants to ensure that they are able to have an access to justice. There are a number of ways that TAR assists marginalized litigants. One such was is the capability of TAR to save legal costs. Because TAR uses technology, it is easier for litigants to have an access to a number of legal information that are relevant to litigants, and this is because they are generated electronically. This saves time and costs of accessing legal aide, since, it avoids the use of human reviews for purposes of having an access to documents that can help in a litigants case. Human reviewers normally charge a high price for their services; thus, TAR assists in eliminating them. Note that, there are a variety of ways that marginalized litigants can use TAR to assist them in their legal cases. Nonetheless, TAR uses an algorithm that searches through a large amount of data, for purposes of getting relevant information that can be useful in building a case or defending oneself. It is very fast and more accurate than the use of a manual review. On this basis, TAR helps in saving time, which can be used to focus on other areas that are of interest to a marginalized litigant. TAR and Reduction of Business Legal Costs TAR is very useful in reducing the legal costs of business organizations. For instance, the application of TAR begins with the review of an expert, who has extensive knowledge of the case that the business organization is facing. The expert will then code the documents and come up with an algorithm which will enable the business organization to have an access to thousands of data that can help in their case. This process is very efficient, and has the capability of saving up to 80% of the legal costs associated with business litigation. Therefore, the capability of a business organization to have an access to millions of data, through the use of technology is the main reason that TAR helps in reduction of business legal costs. Moreover, the reduction of business legal costs cannot create an increase in litigation cases, because it is cheaper. This is because it will help to reduce conflicts that may lead to litigation, because of the ease in which people will have an access to justice. Problems of using TAR in civil litigation Problems associated with TAR's use in cases of civil litigation include the fact that its use needs to fulfil the standard of reasonableness that is associated with discovery's production of documents to produce viable results. [13] The use of TAR is also somewhat flawed because it is only as reliable and reasonable as the human element involved so that the costs and time taken could be significantly increased.[14] In addition, although the TAR process may be quicker than more traditional review processes, estimating the number of training rounds TAR requires producing viable results and/or lower the document count in a particular case.[15] TAR also has limitations regarding the type of documents it can review and analyse. It cannot be used for some old hard copy documents or data sets, including drawings or spreadsheets.[16] This may appear due to the fact that the copy is too poor or theoretically void for the system to be trained reliably. Finally, there is a need for senior lawyers to review the results that are generated. This is because, unlike a linear review that may be able to rely solely upon junior lawyers, TAR's use needs documents to be reviewed by an expert in the field with the particular law firm in question (i.e., the senior lawyer).[17] This final step in using TAR may appear problematic for senior lawyers since it may be necessary for them to allocate further time to evaluate the results generated in a given case. Another problem that may arise out of the use of TAR is the notion that a large percentage of documents may be left unreviewed. This is because TAR prioritizes a review, based on a certain algorithm, and this may result to ignoring a large percentage of documents, that may be useful to the litigant. Conclusion Whilst it is clear that there are a number of particular benefits that are associated with the use of TAR in cases of civil litigation involving significant numbers of documents, there are also a number of notable disadvantages that are associated with the use of TAR that could impact upon the effectiveness of the process. However, it must be noted that a number of Australian and International judges have made positive extra-judicial comments about the technology and a number of organisations have publicly expressed enthusiasm for predictive coding in regulatory matters. Vickery is also noted in a leading case of VICBAR CPD as denoting that an important factor that a modern day judge should consider is reducing the time of hearing a case, and eliminating delays[18]. It has also been proven through facts and statistics that TAR is efficient and does not prolong the process of examining documents. With the proper training and legal knowledge, human judgment, strong judicial management, technological literacy and open mindedness, TAR can help in eliminating delays and save money during the process of legal litigation. Given that TAR's use has been recognised as being efficient, cost effective, and able to produce just results and be fair to litigants through its consistency, responsiveness and timeliness, the fact that it is still reliant on a human element should not rule out TAR's use to aid the achievement of justice in a given case. Moreover, future research and work on the use of TAR should address issues such as how technology can help in improving the manual review of legal documents[19]. References Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW) Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW) Federal Court of Australia (2016) Practice Note Technology and the Court Practice Note, 25 October. Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe et al(2012) 287 F.R.D 182 Irish Bank Resolution Corporation Limited Ors v. Sean Quinn Ors [2015] IEHC 175. Butterfield, W. P., Crowley, C. R. and Kenney, J. Reality Bites: Why TAR's Promises Have Yet to be Fulfilled (DESI V: Workshop on Standards for Using Predictive Coding, Machine Learning and Other Advance Search and Review Methods) Cormack, Gordon and Maura Grossman, Engineering Quality and Reliability in Technology Assisted Review (2016). Douglas, Oard et al., Evaluation of information retrieval for E-discovery (2010), 347 (365), ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAW 347 Herbert L. Roitblat et al., Document Categorization in Legal Electronic Discovery: Computer Classification vs. Manual Review, 61 J. AM. SOCY. FOR INFO. SCI. AND TECH. 70, 70 (2010). Paskach, Chrstopher, Eli Nelson and Mathew Schwab, The Case for Technology Assisted Review and Statistical Sampling in Discovery Position Paper for DESI VI Workshop (2015). Technology and the Law Committee (2017) Technology Assisted Review (Law Tech Essentials, Law Institute of Victoria, June) John Tredennick, TAR for Smart People: How Technology Assisted Review Works and Why It Matters for Legal Professionals Catalyst (2015). Marilyn, Warren, A vital commercial hub in the Asia Pacific region: Victoria a commercial hub (2015).

Lord of the Flies How Jack Represents the Id free essay sample

Jack starts off as leader for the choir boys until Ralph is voted chief which Jack is upset due to his ambition for power. These are reasons why jack can be seens as the id in Lord of the Flies. Jack is more focused on survival more than being rescued and he does whatever he pleases. For instance, when Jack left to go hunting, the signal fire was left to go out which lead to the passing ship, a potential rescue failing. Jack tries to turn the boys against Ralph by questioning Ralphs leadership. Jack disobeys the rules by speaking without the conch and makes a scene, â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing I’m chief. I was chosen. Why should choosing make any difference? Just giving orders that don’t make any sense Piggy’s got the conch (Golding 152). We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies: How Jack Represents the Id or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another proof Jack is the id in Lord of the Flies is because he shows no empathy for others, such as piggy. Jack decides to take Piggys glasses because he wants fire even though Ralphs group would have shared their fire. â€Å"That was Jack and his hunters, said Ralph bitterly. Why can’t they leave us alone? The chief led then, trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement. He was a chief now in truth, and he made stabbing motions with his spear. From his left hand dangled Piggy’s broken glasses (Shakespeare 938). Therefor, this is evidence that proves jack is the id in Lord of the Flies.The character that represents ego in Lord of the Flies is Ralph. Ralph is initially a good leader by establishing the authority of the conch. There are many ways you can see Ralph is the ego and being stuck between jack as the id and piggy as the superego is one. Early in the book, Ralph is showing a representation of ego by doing the responsible thing and standing up to Jack when he lets the signal fire go. This in direct quote proves Ralph thinks sensible in situations. Therefore, Ralph is to be seen as the Ego.

Practice in Identifying Helping Verbs in English

Practice in Identifying Helping Verbs in English A helping verb (also called an auxiliary verb) is a verb (such as have, do, or will) that comes before the main verb in a sentence. This exercise will give you practice in identifying helping verbs. Instructions Each of the following 15 sentences contains at least one helping verb. Identify the helping verb(s) in each sentence, and then compare your answers with those on page two. Keep in mind that more than one helping verb (such as has been) can be used in front of a main verb. In addition, remember that sometimes another word (such as not) separates the helping verb from the main verb. My sister has promised to come with us to the Thousand Islands.Sam and Dave will prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the class.I must return to Yellowstone National Park to appreciate its significance and astonishing beauty.We should read another book by E.B. White.We should not waste our time watching TV.My brother will be flying out of Cleveland tomorrow morning.We have been studying all week for the final exam.Katie has not been studying very hard.My car was stolen by a couple of kids out for a good time.I can help you tonight if you will drive me home later.Thousands of people, braving the cold and the rain, had been waiting for hours for the band to show up.Tony and his friends are bored with their lives, and so they are always looking for trouble.I know that I must make a decision soon, but first I may ask my teacher for advice.Marie could not start her car this morning, so she will probably not go into work at all today.I have finished the quiz on helping verbs, and now I am going home.   Below are the answers (in bold) to the practice exercise in  Identifying Helping Verbs. My sister  has  promised to come with us to the Thousand Islands.Sam and Dave  will  prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the class.I  must  return to Yellowstone National Park to appreciate its significance and astonishing beauty.We  should  read another book by E.B. White.We  should  not waste our time watching TV.My brother  will be  flying out of Cleveland tomorrow morning.We  have been  studying all week for the final exam.Katie  has  not  been  studying very hard.My car  was  stolen by a couple of kids out for a good time.I  can  help you tonight if you  will  drive me home later.Thousands of people, braving the cold and the rain,  had been  waiting for hours for the band to show up.Tony and his friends  are  bored with their lives, and so they  are  always looking for trouble.I know that I  must  make a decision soon, but first I  may  ask my teacher for advice.Marie  could  not start her car this morning , so she  will  probably not go into work at all today.I  have  finished the quiz on helping verbs, and now I  am  going home.

A Five-Step Guide to Write My Literary Analysis Necessary Help

A Five-Step Guide to Write My Literary Analysis Necessary Help What Is a Literary Analysis Essay? A literary analysis essay is an argumentative analysis that carefully examines a piece of literature by looking at the characters of the story, theme, tone, setting as well as the plot and other literary devices used to narrate the story. It encourages a reader to think about how and why a novel, poem or play was written. Its meant to be an analysis of a key element in the literature thus you should refrain from writing a paper that explains every single point of the plot of the story. An argument can be raised by looking at the authors intentions and attempting to explain their significance or from a personal perspective in which case the original text has to defend and account for the argument to the reader. The Purpose of a Literary Analysis The purpose of a literary analysis is to demonstrate why the author used specific characters, themes, settings, imagery, etc. to persuade the reader in a story. It tries to identify an important theme and then investigates the literary devices that the author used to reveal that theme. A literary analysis also helps to develop critical thinking skills in students by challenging them to look beyond the literal meanings by dissecting the story to see how the pieces fit together. Literary Analysis vs. Reading Analysis From a general view, literal analysis delves into the why and tries to understand the obvious and hidden meanings that lurk beneath the main plot. It causes one to not only reflect on the story itself but to understand the bigger picture of history, human condition etc. Reading analysis, on the other hand, is the act of reading to extract information. 5 Steps on How to Create an Excellent Literary Analysis The process of learning how to write literary analysis can be daunting and overwhelming at first, but as you gain more practice with this kind of thinking, you can craft a method that works best for you. Here is a guide that outlines everything you need to know to write a good literary analysis. Step One: Choose and focus the topic First, you need to read the work thoroughly and ensure you understand the plot of the play, poem or novel and who the characters are. An analysis is only possible when you have a clear understanding of the story. Always pick a topic that interests you as it is easier to start off with something you enjoy. Brainstorm a list of potential topics (themes) by asking yourself questions like, what was striking in the text? Why did the author write this? How are characters developed? How are the literary devices used? and try to look for connections and patterns by mapping out the different aspects of the chosen element. Step Two: Gather Evidence Its important for students to research the topic before or text before writing. Collect enough material to help you answer or support your question. Step Three: Introduction The introduction makes the first impression on a reader so its essential that you bring it out in a clear and concise manner. A good introduction to a literary analysis essay should provide relevant information about a particular aspect of a work of literature and orientate the reader to what will follow. The introduction must, therefore, include a hook, author, title, main characters, short summary and thesis. A thesis appears as the last sentence in the first paragraph and will mainly allude to the three main points you wish to address in the main body of the essay. Here is an example of a good thesis statement for literary analysis. In a Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens demonstrates the process by which an unfruitful and wasted life can be redeemed. Sidney Cartons intense love for Lucie Manette transforms him from a hopeless man into a hero and star whose life and death bring so much meaning. Step Four: The Body After the introduction, you will move towards the body of your essay where you present the paragraphs ( usually three paragraphs for a 500-750 word essay) that support your thesis statement. Each paragraph in the body should include a topic sentence, textual evidence(paraphrase or quotation), commentary/explanation and a concluding sentence. Step Five: Conclusion This is the last paragraph in your essay which should reflect how your essay topic relates to the book as a whole. You will need to summarize all that you have discussed in the essay without introducing any new ideas. Formatting a Literary Analysis Literary analysis papers are generally written using MLA citation style formatting guidelines unless specified otherwise by your professor. Writing literary analysis is often a time-consuming activity that requires a lot of research and skill. With the use of our writing services, you will not only receive quality literary analysis essays even on the most challenging topics, but you will create a more professional piece that depicts you as one with a deep understanding of literature. Get an expert writing assistance today and leave your worries behind.

Personal profile about Roger Tsien who is biochemist Essay

Personal profile about Roger Tsien who is biochemist - Essay Example However, such technology was available from the as late as the 1990’s. Roger Tsien was the winner of a third of the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2008, along with Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie. The winners of the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry were selected because of their research that led to the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP. Their work on GFP was important in the field of biology as it enabled scientists to be able to study living cells at the molecular level. Roger Tsien is a Chinese-American born on February1, 1952 in New York, USA. The professor of the University of California, San Diego Tsien is a generational descendant of ancient china Wuyue kingdom’s King Qian Liu. In addition to his rich genealogy, Tsien comes from an intellectually accomplishment family. His father was a graduate from Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT). Additionally, the brothers of his mothers were engineering professors of Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT). The cousin of his father, Tsien Hsue-Shen is a highly regarded rocket scientist. Additionally, his brother is a scientist at the New York University. Tsien early years were lived in Livingston (NJ). As a child, Tsien mainly stayed indoors due to his asthma condition. This provided the Livingston high school student at the time, to focus his energies towards chemistry experiments. After pouring most of his free time towards experiments at his basement laboratory, he was able to win the Westinghouse talent search. His winning entry in the national prize completion was an investigation of how metals bind to thiocyanate (Tsien, 2014). On graduation from Livingston high school, he proceeded to Harvard University. In 1972, he emerged from the university with a bachelor of science in chemistry and physics. Having studied In Harvard University on a national merit scholarship, Tsien got a

Fire dynamics Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fire dynamics - Dissertation Example At 250-300 degrees room temperature, creep has little effect on the performance on the steel structure since the amount and distribution of the effects of steel remain uniform hence any deformations occur at a slow pace. As the fire crib is set to temperatures of 0.25/0.5 MegaWatt, recorded by a thermal imaging camera, creep starts to become a dominating factor (Totten, 2007). Deformation starts to occur as the vacancies in the crystal structure diffuse to the location of a dislocation hence the dislocations move faster to an adjacent slip plane. As the temperature of steel increases so does the creep deformations. Depending on its material composition, steel’s melting point stands at 1400 degrees Celsius. Therefore, creep deformations will become noticeable at temperatures corresponding to 30% of its melting point. Creep strain has three phases which include: Primary creep/ Initial phase Steady-state creep/ Secondary creep Tertiary creep At the initial phase, the strain rate is high and increases at a steady rate, that is, it is directly proportional to temperature. On almost entering the secondary creep phase, it decreases gradually. At the steady state creep, the strain rate reaches a minimum and is almost constant. At the tertiary creep phase, the strain rate increases exponentially as temperature increases. ... sius), time zero (0), the strain on the structure is minimal, and as the curve shows, strain is always present even at normal conditions that are; steel is always undergoing strain in its normal conditions due to it general makeup which contains soluble atoms (Totten, 2007). A retardant rock wool which is welded to a steel structure aimed at adding extra heat protection reduces the effect of exposing a steel structure to long hours of heat. Although creep has a great detrimental effect on this steel structure, the extra fire protection (retardant rock wool) that is welded to the structure main objective is combating this effect (Totten, 2007). This material, which is fire resistant, tolerates temperatures of up to 1000 degrees Celsius and does not burn. It remains stable when exposed to such high temperatures. The retardant rock wool acts as an insulator in the sense that; it has an R-value which means that it has a resistance to heat flow providing rates as from 4.4dB for the 5mm th ickness of steel. Metals do not react well when exposed to fire for a very long time. When it is heated, the molecular structure of the metal becomes weak and loses its strength at over five hundred degrees Celsius. This cause the collapse of metal buildings as the metal warps and melts slightly under extreme temperatures. However, this takes a longer time and has no effect on the evacuation of the metal structure (Totten, 2007). Under normal circumstance, water reacts with metal to form rust. The surface rust is not harmful, but when exposed continuously to unprotected metal it leads to severe corrosion. Additionally, when the building is exposed to heat source for a long time, their mechanical strength of the building will decrease and thus their properties will become more dependent on

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay The audience have witnessed the pursuit, and had a brief glance at the face of the convict they have seen the airborne geese above the marshes, and they want to know what will happen When examining the film, one has to regard the social context in which the film was made. Leans version was created the year after the Second World War. People would probably need their morale boosted after the six years of conflict, and the film was probably intended to make people feel happier. In the closing stages of the Lean film, Pip meets Estella in Miss Havershams house. He pulls down the curtain, lighting the room, and shouts at Estella look around you death and decay you do not belong here you must get away from this place come with me into the sunlight. I believe that this is a metaphor; death and decay is the war and Estella represents the people of Britain. They can come out into the sunlight, and leave the war behind them. Lean is reminding the audience that they can forget the war, and go on to lead new lives. Lean also attempts to put across a moral message. When Pip is a child his conscience speaks to him and the audience. As he makes his way downstairs to steal the food there is a voice whispering, wake up Mrs. Joe, wake up Mrs. Joe, wake up Mrs. Joe. This effect does appear in the original text, every crack in every board calling after me stop thief! and Get up Mrs Joe. A similar device is that of the talking cows. Lean uses this, but again, Marchant decides not to, preferring a more realistic approach. The cows provide an element of humour in the film, but I feel that in the book they were included mainly to give the audience a glimpse of Pips conscience and not to provide comedy. This also gives the film a touch of originality. Before the 1940s a large amount of film sound was simple and ill-conceived the audience saw a car, therefore the audience should hear a car. Consequently, when the audience saw a cow, they were probably expecting to hear cow, not a human voice. Now, however, in an age when talking animals appear in most childrens television programs, the modern audiences are not likely to be surprised by the effect. Another aspect to take in consideration is the media for which the productions were originally created. The BBC version was written for the television, bringing the characters into the home. I assume that Leans film was originally created for the cinema. Lean shows this in many ways. The modern audience can recognize that aspects such as the silhouetted gibbets would have a greater impact when shown on the large screen. Both films are set many decades before the dates they were made, and neither audience had experiences of the period in which the story was set. Marchants version is an attempt at an accurate historical representation of the Victorian age. I feel that Lean decided to concentrate more on storyline, and the following of Dickens text rather than being fixated in creating an accurate historical representation of Victorian Britain. Dickens had written from his own first hand experience of the era, so he knew what had happened. The descriptions of the characters in the text are very precise, and Lean has concentrated on creating the individuals that Dickens described. This is probably what the audience would expect. The post-war audience would want to look back on the age of empire in the way that Dickens did, but in the 1990s, a new approach is expected by the increasingly changing audience. Dickens is generally considered as boring and tedious, and the Marchant film attempts to give a fresh, 20th century makeover to one of Britains most celebrated authors. To conclude, I feel that, considering the circumstances in which it was made, Leans film was the more successful of the two. In post war Britain there was not a huge amount of money for making films, and there was limited technology available for the production. Materials were expensive and scarce, and could not be easily obtained. The film manages to make the opening sequence terrifying, exciting and tense, without using excessive violence or disturbing images. It manages to portray the novel in a realistic way, and his storyline is truer to the original than the BBC version. Sonya Shah Page 1 of 4 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

UK Gelatin :: essays research papers

UK Gelatin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, or BSE, is a degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle causing the brain to appear as a sponge. The cattle then begin acting abnormally and eventually have to be killed. BSE can be transmitted to humans if they consume raw meat from an infected cow or if one consumes the eyeballs, spinal tissue, or the brain. This disease is known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Another disease similar to BSE, which is found in sheep, is Scrapie. Scrapie has been around for nearly two hundred years. It is presumed that the Scrapie agent jumped species and moved into cattle when sheep offal, leftover parts of butchered animals, were ground up and used as a protein supplement in cattle feed and the subsequently fed to cattle. Gelatin is considered safe for human consumption since its preparation involves a chemical process that destroys BSE infectivity. BSE-infectiousness is also destroyed during cooking and baking. Gelatin is manufactured primarily from the hides of pigs and the bones of cattle. During processing, these source materials are exposed to extremely harsh conditions, including prolonged exposure to highly acid or alkaline solutions. Gelatin is used in a wide variety of consumer and medical products regulated by the FDA. These products range from candies and desserts to vaccines, drugs, medical devices, dietary supplements and cosmetics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the unlikely event of any initial contamination of raw material, the gelatin manufacturing process would reduce BSE activity. The steps are as follows one hundred times by degreasing, ten times by acid demineralization, one hundred times by alkaline purification, one hundred times by washing, filtration, and ion exchange, and one hundred times by sterilization. Therefore, the combined effect of the processing stages gives a person a one in one billion chance of contracting BSE. The gelatin production process is efficient enough to remove and or inactivate minimal remaining infectivity. As a safety precaution, the use of UK bovine raw material for the manufacture of gelatin for food, animal feed, pharmaceutical, medical and cosmetic uses is not permitted under certain UK and EU legislation. All UK produced bone gelatin intended for these uses is made from non-UK raw materials. The UK manufacturing sites have to be registered with the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Foods (MAFF) and regular inspections confirm that strict controls are met. These controls include full trace ability of raw materials. Consequently, UK produced bone gelatin can be considered to be the best controlled and monitored of any gelatin produced in the world, providing maximum reassurance to consumers.

Advocacy: Special Education Essay

In this article it speaks about how teachers within the Atlanta Public School System have become the greatest advocates for their students. The author says that one of the greatest blessings of his professional life is the opportunity that he has to speak with hundreds and hundreds of his Special Education colleagues. Before and after his seminars, Lavoie has had conversations and discussions with countless teachers from coast to coast and everywhere in between. These conversations have truly been a joy, and these on-the-fly exchanges has given  him an updated perspective on the changes and challenges in America’s classrooms. These conversations are an ongoing source of information and inspiration for Lavoie. They have confirmed his long-held belief that some of the finest people on the planet are toiling daily in America’s classroom and particularly within Special Education programs. Most of the conversations amongst the teachers are reassuring and reinforcing, but occasionally there are conversations that are troubling and disheartening. The disturbing  conversations remind Lavoie that the inclusion battles of the 1970s continue in many American school districts and that the rights of struggling kids continue to be violated and ignored. Lavoie worked as a school administrator for thirty years and has always felt that teachers’ willingness to defend and advocate for students should be encouraged and reinforced not discouraged and criticized. One of the most sacred responsibilities of a Special Education teacher is to advocate for his/ her students and their needs. We need to be voices for the voiceless. Regardless of grade level. For the past several years, Lavoie have delivered a seminar entitled â€Å"Other People’s Kids: The Ethics of Special Education. † In this workshop, he outlines a dozen basic ethical tenets that must be understood and followed by those of us who toil in the vineyards of Special Education. advocacy 2 These tenets involve confidentiality, collaboration and parental interactions. But the main emphasis of the workshop is the premise that â€Å"The professional’s PRIMARY loyalty and commitment is to the CHILD. † Be an advocate for your students. If you don’t who will. In a perfect world, no teacher should be criticized for defending, protecting, or advocating for a child. But, the world is imperfect and teachers often find that they are asked to compromise students’ services in order to maintain budgets and other real-world constraints. Teachers face this conundrum daily. But as we all know some things that are simple are not always easy. Teachers are encouraged to please be the number one advocate for your students. advocacy 3 References Lavoie, R. (2014). Fighting The Good Fight. How to Advocate for Your Students without losing your job.

I didn’t do it! †Fear In The Crucible Essay

â€Å"Fear is simply the consequence of every lie†~Fyodor Dostoyevski. Dostoyevski explains that fear and lying come hand to hand. Telling lies creates a fear of being discovered having told a lie. In addition, one only conjures a lie if there is something to hide. Therefore the discovery of secrets also induces fear. Fear, whether it be fear of life, or reputation, can heavily influence the actions of society. It possess the ability to impair the judgement and actions of people. Similarly, in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the townspeople are completely ruled by fear. This fear is mainly caused by the strict punishments given to those who violate Puritan morals. It also brings along a sense that one must protect his own life and interests. This need for self-preservation leads to widespread denial and in some cases, even the accusation of others. Governed by the terror of Puritanical law, the townspeople learn to fear its consequences and become quick to deny and accuse other s of witchcraft to save themselves, which ultimately leads to the tragic death of innocent citizens Throughout the play, a stifling atmosphere of fear lingers over Salem. This apprehension is caused by the ever-growing possibility of being accused of witchcraft. During this period, even the mentioning of the word â€Å"witchcraft† struck a chord of uneasiness into people. Punishment for this crime was severe and â€Å"a hanging error† (18). Witchcraft is closely associated with hanging and being accused meant one is on his way to death. In addition, witchcraft, according to Judge Danforth, is considered â€Å"ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime†(100). Only â€Å"the witch and the victim† (100) may bear witness to the crime and â€Å"we must rely upon the victims [to] [†¦] testify†(100). The victims, in this case, are the children. Consequently, with such an unjust method of court, the townspeople’s fears are further augmented. Not only do they fear being accused, they fear that their lives will merely become a switch that a few children can turn on or off at a whim. Furthermore, they are intimidated by the judge, Danforth. â€Å"Near to four hundred are in the jails and seventy-two [are] condemned to hang by [his] signature† (87). His power as a judge allows him to essentially kill people with a flick on his pen and the facility to which he does so is terrifying. Therefore it is hardly  surprising that rampant terror resides in the village. Also, the accusation of witchcraft brings one’s reputation into perspective. The fear of having one’s reputation damaged is another key contributor to the village’s overall uneasiness. In the entirety of the play, Parris is paranoid that being associated with witchcraft in any form will deteriorate his position as a reverend. He fears that â€Å"there is a faction that is sworn to drive [him] from his pulpit† (10) and that people may â€Å"compromise [his] very character† (11) if his â€Å"own household is discovered to be the very center of some obscene practice† (11). In addition, John Proctor not only exhibits fear for his reputation, but fear for his life as well. Proctor fears for his own life because he had an affair with Abigail. Lechery was punishable by hanging. In addition, if others discover his affair, it will dishonor his name. As a result of the strict laws imposed on Puritan society, fear finds its way into Salem, filling every possible aspect of life and leaving no crack overlooked. With nowhere to hide from this terror, the inhabitants of Salem are forced to find refuge in their lies instead. A fear for existence causes the townsfolk to instinctively prioritize their own well being in an attempt for self preservation. This sense of self preservation naturally induces widespread lying and denial as the townspeople desperately struggle to maintain their own interests, whether they be life or reputation. Being affiliated with witchcraft automatically threatened one’s life and status. Reverend Parris, being the religious leader of Salem, is expected to uphold Puritan ethic, and be an example for the rest of the town. However when his â€Å"daughter and niece [are] discovered dancing like heathen in the forest† (10), he fears that his reputation is brought into question because he thinks, that people â€Å"will howl [him] out of Salem for such corruption in [his] house† (14). As a result, when the suspicion of witchery comes up, Parris instantly dismisses it and â€Å"pray[s] leap not to witchcraft† (14). Parris’s role as minister means that any association of his that has anything to do with witchcraft is a threat to the security of his position and it is shown that he is quick to deny it. Likewise, Abigail and the girls are trapped in a dilemma. After being discovered summoning charms, they find themselves hounded into a corner by the suspicions that are laid upon them. She and the girls lie about their  witchcraft in the woods in an attempt for self-preservation, â€Å"Why–common dancing is all† (42). Because calling the Devil is hanging crime, the children deny their witchcraft and claim to have danced in order to lessen their punishment which is another example of preserving oneself. John Proctor is another character whose lying is induced by his life threatening secrets. As he once said, â€Å"there are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang† (69). Both him and Abigail abide by this precept. In Proctor’s case he denies his former relationship with Abby because it ruins his image in his wife’s eyes and because it is lechery. He tells Abby to â€Å"wipe it out of mind† and claims that â€Å"we never touched† (23). By denying their affair, it is shown that Proctor fears the consequences that may arise and possesses an innate sense of self-preservation. Abigail on the other hand, goes to even greater lengths to protect herself from the harsh penalties of the law. Her need for self preservation is so strong, that she even lies to the judge, denying that she had an affair with Proctor and that she was previously pretending in court. When Abigail is asked to confirm her affair with Proctor, she threatens Danforth saying, â€Å"If I must answer that, I will leave and I will not come back again!† (111). This demonstrates that Abigail is aware of her actions but will not admit it for doing so will mark her as a perpetrator of innocent murder. In addition, her denial is influenced by the risk of death by lying to the court. It is evident that the widespread fear in this society is a driving force that compels the characters to behave in ways that will protect their status and lives. However, this denial becomes an issue when others are dragged into the fire. When denial does not sufficiently channel away the suspicions laid upon them, some characters go so far as to accuse others. This leads to undesirable consequences, such as the loss of many innocent lives, that soon become unstoppable. Mary Warren is one of many characters who point fingers to others in order to save themselves. Characterized as an unsteady, and unconfident person, Mary is easily overcome by the fear of execution. During her testimony to the court, Proctor’s plan to prove Abigail as a witch goes terribly wrong. Rather than rhaving Abigail accused, Danforth charges Mary with lying to the court and she suddenly finds that she has become the victim. As a result, she blames Proctor, â€Å"You’re the Devil’s man! I’ll not  hang with you! [†¦] you come at me by night and every day to sign [†¦] The Devil’s book† (118). This shows that after being overwhelmed with fear, Mary’s anxiety explodes and she decides to ac cuse the very person who dragged her into court in an attempt to free herself from the spotlight. Consequently, John Proctor, a man innocent of witchcraft is hung. More crucial however, are the accusations made by the children. Led by Abigail, the children, at first, pretend to be bewitched because it was considered sport. They soon learn that by doing so, they are exempt from witchcraft as they are considered ‘God’s fingers’. By taking this position, the girls free themselves from accusation and all suspicion which is the ideal position to be in. During Mary’s testimony, Danforth becomes increasingly convinced that she is telling the truth. This places more suspicion on Abigail and the girls. As a result, they resort to accusing Mary Warren of sending her spirit out to them, â€Å"Mary, do you send this shadow on me?† (109). In another instance, while the girls are being questioned about who they saw with the Devil, they proceed to chant out the names of random townsfolk, â€Å"I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil! I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil† (48). Furthermore, Abigail herself, partakes in these accusations even while she is outside of court. When Hale presses her with questions relating to her witchcraft, her slave enters â€Å"and instantly Abigail points at Tituba† saying, â€Å"She made me do it! She made Betty do it!† (43). Again, Abigail frames someone in order to save her own life. With the blame now in Tituba, she, in return, claimed she saw Goody Good and Goody Osburn with the Devil. These repeated accusations continue unchecked and soon, the entire town is enveloped with an atmosphere of fear. These false accusations also cause the trials to be prolonged. Because of all these accusations, more and more people are sent to court. With the corrupt children as juries, more and more are sentenced to the grave. The extent to which the townspeople go to in order to save themselves ultimately results in widespread injustice and executions. For the entirety of the play, the townspeople are smothered with an ever-growing atmosphere of fear. With its cold judges, corrupted juries, and severe punishments, it is not surprising that such an element of fear was present in Salem. In return, the people develop an instinct for self  preservation which requires denial to achieve. However, such widespread denial and lies result in unchecked accusations. These accusations are often carried through and the fear of death soon spreads. Therefore a never ending cycle of terror is the outcome and the town ultimately gives way to chaos.

Definition and Examples of Commoratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Commoratio in Rhetoric Definition Commoratio is a  rhetorical term for dwelling on a point by repeating it several times in different words. Also known as  synonymia and communio.In Shakespeares Use of the Arts of Language (1947),   Sister Miriam Joseph describes commoratio as a figure whereby one seeks to win an argument by continually coming back to ones strongest point, as Shylock does when he keeps insisting that Antonio pay the penalty and forfeit of the bond (The Merchant of Venice, 4.1.36-242). See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: EpimoneTautologyTwelve Types of Questions in Casablanca EtymologyFrom the Latin, dwelling Examples and Observations Hes passed on! This parrot is no more! He has ceased to be! Hes expired and gone to meet his maker! Hes a stiff! Bereft of life, he rests in peace! If you hadnt nailed him to the perch hed be pushing up the daisies! His metabolic processes are now history! Hes off the twig! Hes kicked the bucket, hes shuffled off his mortal coil, run down the curtain and joined the bleedin choir invisible! THIS IS AN EX-PARROT!!(John Cleese in The Dead Parrot Sketch, Monty Pythons Flying Circus)With bad grace, [Shahid] had eventually conceded that [Iqbal] had to go. And then, yesterday, most amazing thing of allhe had gone! Moved out! Vamoosed! Iqbal was out of there! Elvis had left the building! The fat lady had sung! Mandela had been freed! Shahid had has life back!(John Lanchester, Capital. W.W. Norton, 2012)He’s gone off his rocker! shouted one of the fathers, aghast, and the other parents joined in the chorus of frightened shouting.He’s crazy! they shouted.He’s balmy!He†™s nutty!He’s screwy!He’s batty!He’s dippy!He’s dotty!He’s daffy!He’s goofy!He’s beany!He’s buggy!He’s wacky!He’s loony!No, he is not! said Grandpa Joe.(Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory) Brave Sir Robin ran awayBravely ran away, awayWhen danger reared its ugly headHe bravely turned his tail and fledYes, Brave Sir Robin turned aboutUndoubtedly he chickened outBravely taking to his feet,He beat a very brave retreat . . ..(Monty Python and the Holy Grail)Space is big. You just wont believe how vastly, hugely, mind- bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think its a long way down the road to the chemists, but thats just peanuts to space.(Douglas Adams, The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy)At this moment of her diving, as she is suspended in mid-jackknife, nothing happens on the East End of Long Island. Not a single nail is nailed. Not a single hedge is trimmed. Not a single bottle of Chà ¢teau Whatanamazingwine is sold. Not one compliment is paid to a tomato or an ear of corn or a peach. No one asks where the potato fields have gone. Likewise the duck farms. No Filipino housekeeper is yelled at for failing to position the fruit forks correctly. No year-round resident is p ushed aside at a farmers market. No one asks anyone else to a small dinner just for close friends or wishes there were more time to spend reading quietly on the beach away from all the big parties. No one gives kudos. Or draws raves. No one embarks on an exciting new phase of his life, or enters a third act of his life, or comments that life is a journey. No one plans a benefit dance for a fatal disease. No one lowers his voice to say Jew.Nothing moves. Nothing makes a sound. The universe lies in respectful silence as sex and commerce find their and apogee in Kathy Polite and her morning swim. For one brief moment in this day for what certainly will be the only such moment, I am at peaceall bitterness relieved, all burdens lifted from me. The wind kicks up. I bless her unaware.(Roger Rosenblatt, Lapham Rising. HarperCollins, 2006) Commoratio occurs when one remains rather long upon, and often returns to the strongest topic on which the whole case rests. . . . I have been unable to subjoin a quite appropriate example of the figure, because the topic is not isolated from the whole cause like some limb, but like blood is spread throughout the whole body of the discourse.(Rhetorica Ad Herennium, c. 90 BC) Pronunciation: ko mo RAHT see oh

Pregnancy and Humans in Space

Pregnancy and Humans in Space No matter where they live, many people eventually end up having kids, even in some of the most out-of-the-way spots on the planet. But, will they be able to live and work in space and have children? Or on the Moon? Or on Mars? Humans being humans, they will very likely try. Whether they succeed or not depends on a lot of factors. One vision of Mars habitats that will provide shelter for astronauts as they learn to explore the planet. Eventually, they could be raising families on the Red Planet, in more extensive habitats that may well be underground. What will those children be like?. NASA As humans prepare for a future off Earth, mission planners are finding answers to a number of questions about long-term space residency. One of the most perplexing is Can women get pregnant in space? Its a fair one to ask since the future of humans in space depends on our ability to reproduce out there. Is Pregnancy Possible in Space? The technical answer to that question is: yes, its possible to become pregnant in space. Theres nothing known about being in space that would prevent egg and sperm from uniting to make a baby. Of course, a woman and her partner need to be able to actually have  sex in space  in order to for those cells to get together in the first place. Additionally,  both she and her partner must  be fertile. Cycles infertility can be checked, and the mom and dad could then choose the right time to make that space baby. However, theres more required than doing the deed. It turns out there are significant other hurdles that stand in the way of having what it takes to make a baby and then  remaining pregnant once fertilization takes place. Barriers to Child-bearing in Space The primary problems with becoming and remaining pregnant in space are radiation and low-gravity environments. Its important to understand both.  Ã‚   The Moon has practically no atmosphere and no way to filter out harmful radiation. Humans living there would face some radiation danger from solar particles and cosmic rays. This could have a profound effect on a couples ability to start a family.   NASA Radiation can affect a mans sperm count, rendering him infertile, possibly permanently. It can also harm a developing fetus. Radiation hazards exist here on Earth, too, as anyone who has taken a medical x-ray or who works in a high-radiation environment knows. Its why both men and women are usually supplied with protective aprons when they get x-rays or other diagnostic work. The idea is to keep stray radiation from interfering with egg and sperm production. Once an embryo is created, its subject to the same radiation dangers as the mother. Conditions that Could Interfere with Pregnancy Lets say that conception happens after a couple gets together on the space station or during a trip to Mars or even after they land on the Red Planet. The radiation environment in space (or on Mars) is severe enough that it would prevent cells in the fetus from replicating. Thus, no baby would be brought to term.   Mars has a thicker atmosphere than the Moon, but it still is not enough to shield humans from radiation. This is another place where humans could face difficulties conceiving and birthing children. Credit:NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS In addition to the high radiation, astronauts live and work in very low-gravity environments. The exact effects are still being studied in detail on lab animals (such as rats). However, its very clear that a gravity environment is needed for proper bone development and growth. When astronaut Scott Kelly (and others) spent long periods on the International Space Station,  they showed significant changes in their health. Similar issues could affect a developing fetus. Such atrophy is why astronauts have to exercise in space regularly in order to prevent muscle atrophy and loss of bone mass. A growing embryo or fetus could be permanently altered, right down to the DNA. Solutions to the Radiation Problem Clearly, if people are to venture out into space on a more permanent basis (like extended trips to Mars) radiation hazards need to be minimized, not just for the adults but for any possible children born on the trips.  But how to do that? Astronauts taking extended trips into space will be on ships that are likely not to provide the heaviest radiation shielding. Once they get to Mars, for example, theyll be subjected to a lot of radiation on the surface that is not stopped by the thin atmosphere. Also, the lower gravity on Mars (and on the Moon, for those who migrate there), will be an issue.   The Orion crew capsule (shown here in water recovery testing) is a typical crew-carrying spacecraft that is shielded to protect astronauts from most radiation. Special precautions and materials must be used to protect crew members. Future spacecraft will need similar protective environments. NASA   So if permanent residencies are ever going to exist on Mars or the Moon, like those proposed by Dr. Mae Jemison for the  Hundred-year Starship, then better shielding technology would have to be developed. Since NASA is already thinking of solutions to these problems, its likely that radiation will cease to become as big a threat as it is now. Overcoming the Gravity Problem The problem of a lower gravity environment may be more difficult to overcome if humans are to successfully reproduce in space. Life in low gravity affects a number of body systems, including muscular development and eyesight. So, it may be necessary to supply an artificial gravity environment in space to mimic what humans evolved to expect here on Earth. The good news is there are some spacecraft designs in the pipeline, like the Nautilus-X, that employ artificial gravity designs. These use centrifuges that would allow for at least a partial gravity environment on part of the ship. Anyone who has ridden a ride such as the Mission Space experience at Disney Worlds EPCOT center has felt the gravitational effects that a centrifuge can supply.   The problem with such designs is that they cant yet replicate a full gravity environment, and even then occupants would be constrained to one part of the ship located in the centrifuge. This would be difficult to manage. Further exacerbating the problem is fact that the spacecraft needs to land. So what do people do once on the ground in a low-gravity environment on a place like Mars? The Future in Space: No Kids in Space Yet Ultimately, the long-term solution to the problem is the development of anti-gravity technology. Such devices are still a long way off. However, if spaceship technology could somehow manipulate gravity then it would create an environment where a woman could carry a fetus to term. Until that is a possibility, humans going to space currently are very likely using birth control to prevent stillbirths and miscarriages. If they are having sex, its a well-kept secret. But there have been no known pregnancies in space.   Nonetheless, humans will have to face a future that includes space-born and Mars- or Moon-born children. These people will be perfectly adapted to their homes, and oddly enough- the Earth environment will be alien to them. It will certainly be a very brave and interesting new period in human history!   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Team Dynamics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Team Dynamics - Assignment Example However, it could also cost the organization due to high turnover, communication breakdowns and interpersonal conflicts. These differences determine work attitude and ultimately the success of the organization. This study examines two theories that explain how this cultural diversity presents challenges to managers. It also entails the ways in which managers can overcome the differences and instead use it to grow the organization. The integrated threat theory emphasizes on feelings of fear or threat as the leading reason why managers face challenges when working in a diverse environment. Feelings of threat or fear are closely linked to communication breakdown in an organization. According to this theory, feelings of threats are caused by four conditions including prior conflict history, knowledge gap or ignorance, status and contact. Intergroup conflict history is the main cause of conflicts in a culturally diverse working environment. Past intergroup conflicts present a backdrop on how two groups will interact today. The more stretched and damaging the past conflict is the more negative perceived prejudices and threats attitudes will exist between the two interacting groups (Guilherme, MeÃŒ ndez, & Glaser 2010). Secondly, ignorance or intergroup knowledge gap refers to how little people know about each other or how much they think they know about another group based on stereotypes. As a result, a hostile moment leads one group to perceive the other group as a threat. Thirdly, the type and frequency of contact between two culturally different groups contributes to feelings of trust or mistrust, security or insecurity and familiarity or unfamiliarity. If they exhibit a personalized and positive the contact, they will see beyond their differences. However, if contact is at surface level and negative, then negative prejudices and stereotypes will be used to justify the situation (Guilherme, MeÃŒ ndez, & Glaser 2010). Fourth,