My Unforgetable Trip to California Free Essays

My Unforgettable Trip to California Mirna El Hadi American Intercontinental University English 106 Dr. Rebecca Coleman January 12, 2013 â€Å"My Unforgettable Trip to California† This past April, my friend and I took a five-day trip to California, where we visited San Francisco and the Napa Valley wine country. We flew out on a Friday morning and stayed in the Golden State until Wednesday afternoon. We will write a custom essay sample on My Unforgetable Trip to California or any similar topic only for you Order Now During our visit, we saw quite a bit of gorgeous scenery, ate some scrumptious food, and drank some tasty wine. All in all, it was a fun, relaxing, and memorable vacation. But the reason the getaway was truly memorable is because I lucky to spend such an amazing time where I got to enjoy an awesome weather visit some unforgettable places, and best of all, try new kinds of food, which is my favorite. â€Å"Cool Weather for a Vacation Pleasure† When it comes to San Francisco’s weather, all I can say is â€Å"Gorgeous. † I mean that many great aspects of our vacation that were beyond our control just happened to go in our favor. In San Francisco, for instance, the weather was absolutely beautiful, with sunshine, very few clouds, and mild temperatures. The city has a reputation for being foggy, chilly, and windy, so we were fortunate to experience the lovely weather while we were there. In addition, my friend and I went to Pier 51, which is â€Å"home† to some sea lions during certain times of the year. Though there are many times throughout the year that the sea lions are not present, we visited when there were literally hundreds of them on and around platforms just off the pier. â€Å"Food Sensation on a Happy Vacation† Our trip to San Francisco was lucky for reasons other than weather and seasonal factors. During our first night in the city, we had no idea where to have dinner. So we sought the advice of our hotel concierge knowing fully well that he might direct us to an establishment of nominal quality simply because he was trying to promote it (this had happened to me on more than one occasion). However, the restaurant he chose for us was perfect. The decoration, service, and cuisine were beyond excellence. The prices were much more reasonable than I would have guessed! Our restaurant-related luck continued the following day during our walking tour of the Chinatown area. When our hunger overtook us suddenly, we ducked into the nearest establishment for lunch. Given our lucky streak, we should not have been surprised that it served the tastiest Chinese food we had ever come across. After lunch, we found a small fortune cookie factory in Chinatown which made the Oriental treats by hand. When I opened my cookie to see the message inside, I read, â€Å"Fortune smiles upon you always. † â€Å"Leaving Traces at Happy Places† Similarly, fortune continued to smile on us when we drove up to the Napa Valley region on Sunday afternoon. We attempted to secure a last-minute reservation at the famed Greystone restaurant, which is operated by the Culinary Institute of America. As it turns out, there was a last-minute cancellation, and we were able to dine at one of the finest upscale eateries on the West Coast. For our driving winery tour on Monday, the weather again cooperated by giving us sunny skies and mild temperatures. It was the perfect backdrop for the miles of beautiful vineyards, rolling hills, and mountains which we saw, and I was able to take dozens of excellent photographs. However, the weather changed on Tuesday, turning cloudy and showering the area with a constant drizzle. But even that was lucky for us – since we had booked two seats on the Napa Valley Wine Train. We sampled food, drank wine, and chatted with winemakers without having to navigate the stormy weather in our car! â€Å"My Lucky Trip to San Francisco and Napa Valley† Shortly after my friend and I returned home, I realized that I had just enjoyed the best vacation of my life, and I may never take one that will be nicer. This realization stirred mixed emotions in me. I certainly felt fortunate that all of the uncontrollable factors aligned in such a way that made my trip extra special. But I also recognized that if I ever returned to that part of California, my trip might not be quite as fun. What I will always have, however, are the memories of my wonderful trip to San Francisco and Napa Valley. In fact, I have begun referring to it as my â€Å"Reverse Murphy’s Law† trip because everything that could go right did. Outline Title: My Unforgettable Trip to California Thesis: Weather, Places I visited, and Food sensation. I. Introduction: A. San Francisco’s Vacation II. Cool Weather for a Vacation Pleasure A. Weather conditions in San Francisco III. Food sensation on a happy vacation A. Food choices and new food experiences in San Francisco IV. Leaving traces at happy places A. Places we visited and the challenges we faced V. Conclusion A. Summarizes all the listed ideas and talks about memories and feelings How to cite My Unforgetable Trip to California, Papers

The Osage Orange Tree free essay sample

# 8211 ; Peer Pressure Essay, Research Paper Peer Pressure in # 8220 ; The Osage Orange Tree # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The Osage Orange Tree # 8221 ; by William Stafford tells a narrative of how peer force per unit area kept 2 people apart who wanted to like each other. The storyteller of the narrative liked one of his schoolmates but was afraid to demo that he liked her. He didn # 8217 ; t have the adulthood at the beginning of the narrative to travel against equal force per unit area. Peer force per unit area was involved with Evangeline being shunned because she was hapless. Her bleached bluish frock set her apart from the remainder of the pupils. SHe merely had two frocks. The storyteller stated, # 8220 ; she had changed from the dark heavy frock to the dull blue of the last autumn # 8221 ; ( 370 ) . The narrartor described her house as # 8220 ; grey and lopsided # 8221 ; ( 374 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Osage Orange Tree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her house had no running H2O. # 8220 ; There was a grey white topographic point on the land where the dishwater had been thrown out # 8221 ; ( 374 ) . Probably none of the pupils were affluent in the narrative, but Evangeline was poorer than most of the Students. Peer pressue dictated that Evangeline should be avoided. She was avoided by the others because she was different. # 8220 ; She was standing near the corner looking everyplace but at the crowd # 8221 ; ( 369 ) . The storyteller himself said, # 8220 ; I might speak to her, I thought. But of class it was out of the inquiry # 8221 ; ( 371 ) . Thymine he author didn’t talk to her at school but he would at the tree. â€Å"The following twenty-four hours at school I didn’t ask whether her male parent wanted to take the paper† ( 370 ) . He was afraid to be seen with her. The storyteller asked himself, â€Å"could anyone in the house have been watching. I looked back once† ( 370 ) . Peer force per unit area prevented the storyteller from socialising with Evangeline at school. Sometimes peer pressue involves people doing merriment of each other. Although the storyteller neer made merriment of Evaneline, other people did. She was made merriment of with such remarks as, # 8220 ; Why look at Evangeline- that old frock has a new belt. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Stop a minute Evangelin, allow me see you new frock. # 8220 ; It is cunning beloved # 8221 ; ( 372 ) . The storyteller neer came to the defence of Evangeline when those comments were being made. Due to peer force per unit area and deficiency of adulthood, the storyteller in # 8220 ; The Osage Orange Tree # 8221 ; missed an chance of for good befriending Evangeline. Evangeline was hapless, avoided, and made merriment of. It is non until the decision of the narrative that the author discovers how much Evangeline lked him. She # 8220 ; stole # 8221 ; from her bank to buy newspapers from the storyteller ( 373 ) in order to hold an alibi to see with him every twenty-four hours. He discoverd excessively late that the newspapers were thrown under the span and neer really read by her male parent.

Multiculturalism Cultures and Traditions

Question: Describe about the Multiculturalism for Cultures and Traditions. Answer: An introduction Identification of the issue (background information) Multicultural refers to the acceptance, mutual existence, as well as, promotion of a range of cultures and traditions, in a single jurisdiction, generally consisting of the overseas ethnic groups, as well as, the aboriginal ethnic groups. Multiculturalism was introduced during the 1970s in Australia (Calma, 2007). Since then, the core principles of multiculturalism have remained the same in a broad sense. But the basic federal multicultural policy statements have changed and evolved, from the time it was introduced, as a result of the changed government responses, along with the priorities towards the dynamic Australian society. The multicultural policy of Australia has its heritage in the post settlement issues faced by migrants and the government response regarding the same, across the 1980s-1990s. At present, each of the state and territory in Australia has active programs and policies to deal with multiculturalism. Statement of position (main thesis statement) Australia is a successful example of the multiculturalism in action. Even though the multiculturalism in Australia has undergone some important changes, from the time it was taken upon as a government policy in 1970s, it has been, in general, considered as a successful undertaking which has quite clearly contributed towards the solidity of the Australian society (Calma, 2007). This paper is aimed towards supporting the statement that Australia is indeed a successful example of the multiculturalism. In the following parts, the various factors that make multiculturalism a success in Australia have been highlighted. Further, the limitations which could affect this success have also been explained. Lastly, the supporting data has been presented which supports the thesis statement. The body Summary Multiculturalism is sometimes viewed as a simple collection of the non-discriminatory immigration policies and diverse population, but it is much more than that. Multiculturalism is rooted in the traditional Australian values (Living Safe Together, 2016). The government policies of Australia have expressed the relevance of multiculturalism, to all its citizens in the 1980s, but multiculturalism has grown beyond its originating point, by becoming a pillar in the nation-building narratives of Australia. The multiculturalism policies generated programs and services have served the migrants entering in the country from across the globe, for a number of years. At present, multiple generations of such migrants, having different cultural backgrounds, have grown up in the societies of Australia, and contribute towards the diversity of the country, as well as, helps in growing the global connectivity. Limitations Multiculturalism has been contested historically, both on the basis of the concept, as well as, the policy framework. Mark Lopez has argued that amid the supporters of this concept, there has been a divergence in the approaches (Lopez, 2000). The different schools of multicultural thoughts have advocated different range of concepts like ethnic structural pluralism, ethnic rights multiculturalism, cultural pluralism, and welfare multiculturalism. Historian Geoffrey Blainey had viewed that the concept of multiculturalism encouraged ethnic tribalism (Koleth, 2010). A range of conservative commentators, as well as, politicians echoed this view. Further, this was supported by the evidence that emerged regarding the resultant resentment and confusion concerning the different aspects of the policy associated with multiculturalism, amongst the common man, in spite of the attempts by the officials to characterise it as encompassing all the Australians. Lopez has further argued that towards the mid of the 1990s, a few of the early supporters of multiculturalism, like, Sir James Gobbo, along with Jerzy Zubrzycki, were engaged in the 'post-multicultural' theories and suggested that the concept of 'multiculturalism' should be replaced with the concept of 'cultural diversity' (Koleth, 2010). The reason behind the demand for change in the concept was that, as per such proponents, multiculturalism was a 'self-conscious' term which should not be used as it was not necessary and had outlived its purpose. Some of the other commentators, like Chandran Kukathas, assumed the position, which was described by them as classical liberal, and argued that multiculturalism was simply a single feature of pluralism (Koleth, 2010). They further viewed that the public establishments needed to be nonaligned, neutral, as well as, concerned with the respect for the individual freedoms and rights, along with ensuring tolerance, instead of facilitating the int erests of such collective groups in the society. So, the critics of multiculturalism believe this concept promotes segmentation, instead of unity and that it prevents the groups from being integrated towards a common national culture and identity. Thesis Argument The 2015 Mapping Social Cohesion survey, conducted a survey to discover the views of the Australians, regarding the concept of multiculturalism (Scanlon Foundation, 2016). This survey established that 86 % of Australians consented upon the fact that multiculturalism has been good for the country (Markus, 2015). And this level of concurrence has been consistent during the past three years. The concern of the critics seems legitimate, as cultural diversity cannot be fully welcomed without some of the limitations (Koleth, 2010). Further, the policies in this behalf have to be so aimed, to bring the people into the national community, instead of being prevented from doing the same. If the multiculturalism in Australia had to be considered as a failure, the signs of trouble would have been apparent, and the present evidence does not appear to be suggesting any such view (Soutphommasane, 2016). Even the multiculturalisms critics would agree with the social miracle associated with the 20th and 21st centurys migration history. The recent survey on social cohesion, by Scanlon Foundation presented the evidence on the measures of social cohesion and the level of neighbourhoods was included in this survey. The survey portrayed that only 2% of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the people of varied backgrounds got together well enough, in the local areas. And only 3 % of the individuals strongly disagreed with the fact that the mix of such varied backgrounds improved life in their localities (Markus, 2015). Studies from the OECD have clearly demonstrated that the children born to the immigrants in the country, attained higher average results, as compared to the children born to the natives of Australia (OECD, 2012). Similar results have been achieved in the economic participation. Further, the skilled migrants have elevated rates of market participation, as compared to the overall population, and the median annual earning, in the skilled migrants is also higher in comparison to the overall population (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 2014). Furthermore, it has been estimated that out of the immigrants, who have been residing in Australia for more than 10 years, approximately 80% of such immigrants have decided to take up the Australian citizenship (Smith, Wykes, Jayarajah and Fabijanic, 2010). These immigrants have integrated on civil levels by becoming the full members of the nation. So, on these basis of the economic participation, social cohesion, civic integration, and the educational attainment, it can be adjudged that the multicultural society of Australia ha been a success. The reasons for this success is not one, but many. Firstly, due to the well-ordered and well-integrated immigration policy, along with the immigration programs, the public has accepted the cultural diversity and has braced the Australian societys cultural generosity. The multicultural policy which emerged in the 1970s replaced the assimilation approach and instead helped in the adoption of the mass immigration, post the Second World War era (Soutphommasane, 2016). Secondly, unlike the nations like France, Australian society has openly celebrated its cultural diversity, instead of confining the cultural differences to the private realm (Soutphommasane, 2016). Further, Australia has open heartedly welcomed such immigrants by extending the hand of friendship towards the immigrants. As long as such cultural differences are consistent with the Australian democracy, such differences are embraced. Thirdly, this concept has served a range of objectives over the years in Australia, which includes the pursuit of societal justice, nation building, integration of migrants, and the attempts to maintain the social cohesion (Lopez, 2013). Fourthly, the nation of Australia is a migrant nation, and it would not be the contemporary Australia, as we know it, without the mass migration. Apart from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, every person living in the country, is either a migrant himself or is a descendent of such migrant (Ozdowski, 2012). Lastly, with the changes in the immigration policies, over the course of time, the outlook of the Australians and the place in the world, of the country, has changed during the past 200 years. From being insecure, racially intolerant and prejudiced the country of Australia has embraced the diversity by being a multicultural nation. The policies incorporated in this behalf extended to cover the Australian egalitarianism ethos, as well as, liberties to include all the linguistic, religious, as well as, cultural differences within the democratic structures (Ozdowski, 2012). The success of multiculturalism in the case of Australia is the result of the adaptable, as well as, pragmatic approach of the government towards the migration, along with the present social cohesion programs in the public policy. The contemporary multiculturalisms objective is for all the people to participate on the same terms and to access the opportunities, as well as, focus on nation building (Ozdowski, 2012). The objective also negates the need for any separateness or ethnic ghettos from the society in general. The multiculturalism in the country has maintained two key values, which are tolerance of the racial, religious, as well as, cultural differences, which have been underpinned in the values of the Australians. The celebrations of the national day in 2011, witnessed a lot of enthusiastic participants, and the majority of these were the newest citizens of Australia. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, had addressed that the multiculturalism in Germany had failed (Bowen, 2011). And since then, it has become a fashion to declare that multiculturalism has been a failure, and often has been blamed for terrorism. But in the case of Australian multiculturalism, it has been a success, for numerous reasons. The immigrants in the country have the freedom to follow their culture, as long as these are consistent with the values of Australia, the rule of law, as well as, the individual freedom (Department of Social Services, 2014). There is also a genius in the multiculturalism of Australia, as this is citizenship-based, so in order to fully enjoy the benefits of the society of Australia, a person is required to take the pledge of commitment. The post war immigration policy of Australia was initially motivated by the economic imperatives, but with passage of time, the Australia, Government realized the advantages of inviting a complete participation of the community, by the immigrant populations, in return for gaining respect for, as well as embracing of, the cultures along with the customs brought by such immigrants, with them (Lopez, 2013). This very realization, underlines the advantages of the approach adopted by Australia. During this journey of multiculturalism, each wave of the immigrants has faced numerous challenges and every generation has had the anxiety about the unfamiliarity. The allegations that such migrants come to convert the population, as well as, the beliefs of the Australians, are completely wrong. Chris Bowen, who was the Minister for Immigration in the year 2011, believed that if Australia wants to be free and equal, then it has to be multicultural. He further believed that if Australia wants to be multicultural, it has to remain free and equal (Bowen, 2011). A conclusion Summary and Recommendations The theme behind this success is the government policies in the matter of multiculturalism, as well as, the fact that Australia is an immigrant nation. The implementation of the goal oriented, as well as, adaptable approach towards the migration, has led to the success of the multiculturalism in Australia, as a nation policy, since its inception. The multiculturalism policy in Australia has laid down the guiding ethos for equitable, just process, as well as, dignified integration. Multiculturalism is an asset which has to be accommodated and fostered. The multiculturalism policy in Australia was introduced to deal with the settlement needs of the migrants, in order to recognize the preservation of the cultural identities. The data provided in the previous part, clearly established that multiculturalism has been a success in the country, and even highlighted the reasons behind this success. Though, there are still issues faced by multicultural societies regarding social cohesion. Even after the various policies implemented by the government, there still remains inhibitions regarding the acceptance of multiculturalism concept. Further, people still view it as a way of creating division. So, it is recommended to ensure the proper application of the current policy of multiculturalism. Further, awareness needs to be spread to remove such inhibitions from the opponents of this concept. Furthermore, continued government support is a fundamental requirement to support the cultural diversity of the Australian society and this commitment has to be reflected through the governmental policies. To conclude, it can be said, that multiculturalism has been a huge and clear success in Australia. References Bowen, C. (2011) What makes multiculturalism great is mutual respect. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-opinion/what-makes-multiculturalism-great-is-mutual-respect-20110216-1awik.html [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Calma, T. (2007) Multiculturalism. [Online] Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Available from: https://www.tellmesomethingidontknow.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/racial_discrimination/multiculturalism/multiculturalism2007.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Department of Immigration and Border Protection (2014). Australias Migration Trends 2013-14. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, pp 118. Department of Social Services. (2014) What is multiculturalism? [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-and-multicultural-affairs/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/national-agenda-for-a-multicultural-australia/what-is-multiculturalism [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Koleth, E. (2010) Multiculturalism: a review of Australian policy statements and recent debates in Australia and overseas. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp06#_ftnref160 [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Living Safe Together. (2016) Multicultural Australia. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/informationadvice/Pages/Multicultural-Australia.aspx [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, G.G.S. (2013) Multiculturalism, Migration, Governance in Australia. [Online] E-International Relations Students. Available from: https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/01/multiculturalism-migration-governance-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Lopez, M. (2000)The origins of multiculturalism in Australian politics 19451975. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp. 447448 Markus, A. (2015) Mapping Social Cohesion National Report 2015. [Online] Scanlon Foundation and Monash University. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2015-Mapping-Social-Cohesion-Report.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] OECD. (2012) Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. [Online] OECD. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2012-en[Accessed on: 13/10/16] Ozdowski, S. (2012) Australian Multiculturalism: the roots of its success. [Online] Western University Sydney. Available from: https://www.uws.edu.au/equity_diversity/equity_and_diversity/tools_and_resources/reportsandpubs/australian_multiculturalism_the_roots_of_its_success [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Scanlon Foundation. (2016) 26 February 2016 Multiculturalism a success, but a multilayered concept in Australia. [Online] Scanlon Foundation. Available from: https://scanlonfoundation.org.au/26-february-2016-multiculturalism-a-success-but-a-multilayered-concept-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Smith, D., Wykes, J., Jayarajah, S., and Fabijanic, T. (2010) Citizenship in Australia. [Online] Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Available from: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/citizenship-in-australia-2011.pdf [Accessed on: 13/10/16] Soutphommasane, T. (2016) The Success of Australias Multiculturalism. [Online] Australian Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/success-australia-s-multiculturalism#fnB4 [Accessed on: 13/10/16]

Many Agree That The Cuban Missile Crisis Was The Closest The World Eve

Many agree that the Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war; but exactly how close did it come? The Crisis was ultimately a showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union from October 16 to October 28, 1962. During those thirteen stressful days, the world's two biggest superpowers stood on the brink of a nuclear catastrophe. The Crisis started as a result of both the Soviet Union's fear of losing the arms race, and Cuba's fear of US invasion. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, thought that both problems could easily be solved by placing Soviet medium range missiles in Cuba. This deployment would double the Soviet arsenal and protect Cuba from US invasion. Khrushchev proposed this idea to Cuban Premier, Fidel Castro, who, like Khrushchev, saw the strategic advantage. The two premiers worked together in secrecy throughout the late-summer and early-fall of 1962. The Soviets shipped sixty medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) along with their warheads, launch equipment, and necessary operating personnel to Cuba. When United States President, John F. Kennedy discovered the presence of these offensive weapons, he immediately organized EX-COMM, a group of his twelve most important advisors. They spent the next couple of days discussing different possible plans of action and finally decided to remove the US missiles from Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba in exchange for the removal of all offensive weapons in Cuba. On October 28, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter stating that he agreed to the terms Kennedy stated, and the crisis ended. The Cuban Missile Crisis can be blamed on the insecurity of Cuba and the Soviet Union. After the United States' unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro and end communism in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro was fearful of another US invasion. The US Armed Forces conducted a mock invasion and drafted a plan to invade Cuba to keep Castro nervous. As a result, Castro thought the US was serious, and he was desperate to find protection. This protection came in the form of sixty Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles. (Detzer 30-32, 39, 55, 68, 87) During his presidential campaign, Kennedy repeatedly stated that the US had less missiles than the Soviets, contradicting the Pentagon's claim that the opposite was true. However, during the summer of 1961, when Khrushchev constructed a wall around West Berlin, the Kennedy Administration revealed to Khrushchev that the US. did, in fact, have more missiles than the Soviet Union. What worried Khrushchev the most, though, was that the Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe, but the US missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. He worried that if the Soviet Union lost the arms race that badly, it would invite a nuclear attack from the US. Khrushchev needed a way to counter the United State's lead. (May 49) In April of 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev came up with the idea of installing medium-range missiles in Cuba. Cuba was close enough to the United States that the Soviet missiles would be an effective deterrent to a potential US attack against either the Soviet Union or Cuba. Castro accepted Khrushchev's offer, since it would protect Cuba and, therefore, solve Castro's previous dilemma. In mid-July of 1962, the Soviet Union began its buildup of offensive weapons in Cuba. The Soviets spent most of the late-summer and early-fall of 1962 ferrying launch equipment and personnel necessary for the preparation of missiles to Cuba. Since they could not use military ships (for fear of being discovered) the Soviets used civilian vessels. However, even with this caution, their actions were detected. As the US monitored the suddenly increased shipping activity to Cuba, rumors started in Washington. On August 10, John McCone, director of the CIA, sent the President a letter stating his belief that the Soviets were placing MRBMs in Cuba. On August 29, a U-2 on a reconnaissance flight over Cuba revealed the presence of SA-2 SAM (Surface-to-Air-Missile) sites. On September 4, to calm the Congress and public, Kennedy announced that there were Soviet missiles in Cuba, but that since they were defensive and not offensive, the US had nothing to worry about. Pressured by Congress, Kennedy ordered another U-2 flight over Cuba for October 9. However it was delayed until Sunday, October 14. After the pictures from the reconnaissance flight were analyzed, the National Photographic Interpretation Center found what at first were thought to be more surface-to-air missile sites. A closer look, however, showed six much larger SS-4 nuclear missiles; each 60 to 65 feet long. They now knew they

Pesticides essays

Pesticides essays There are 2.5 billion pounds of pesticides being applied to agricultural products each year in the United States. This is ten times more than was applied forty years ago. It is still unknown as to what type of exact effects these chemicals may have on individuals. Some farmers that have been using pesticides in their fields and developed leukemia are finding that the cause of their disease is from inhaling pesticides. These chemicals are still in use today and most of them have never been tested for the short or long-term effects that they may have on humans. Each year there are 10,000 pesticide related poisonings. On July 4th 1985, over 300 Californians became sick after eating watermelons treated with the pesticide tenik. Testing supermarket produce is a way of determining the amount of exposure the consumer receives through common produce like carrots, tomatoes and lettuce. 44% of foods that were tested in supermarkets were found to have some traces of pesticide residue on them. Of all the pesticides found, nineteen of them were a pesticide called DDT. DDT was banned in this country 12 years prior to the testing. It was believed that these chemicals might have entered this country from another country that doesnt have pesticide restrictions as the U.S. does. Pesticides are contaminating the Earths water supplies. There are seventeen pesticides found in twenty-three states water supplies right now. Scientists at Cornell University conclude that 99% of pesticides miss the intended source and find their way into the water, air and soil. Most of the pollution isnt strong enough to create an immediate impact on humans so the wildlife is the primary target to these contaminates. Animals such as the European Starling birds are constantly being tested and found that they are greatly affected both behaviorally and psychologically. Farming practices that do not use pesticide ...

European Union Competition Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Union Competition Law - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the process has to be facilitated by EU vertical agreements and guided by the Competition law between the local distributors and the producers seeking new markets. The efficient distribution accompanied with proper after and pre-sales support makes part of pro-competitive process which ends up benefiting consumers. However, the vertical agreements between distributors and producers may also lead to the continuation of market partitioning and act as barriers to new entrants whose presence would have intensified the market competition and resulted in a declining pressure on prices. Thus the vertical agreements between distributors and producers can therefore be used in a pro-competitive way so as to promote the market’s efficient distribution and integration. The differences in prices among Member States that still exists offer incentives for new companies to access markets and also form barriers against new competition. This trend is as a result of the vertical agreements and constraints being pro-competitive in most cases. Enforcement priorities, modernization and more focus being put on effects has led the Competition Law actions to shy away from such agreements and lean towards restrictive practices which it considers being more serious. Since the enactment of Regulation No. 1/2003 as well as the prior notification requirement abolition, the EU Competitive Law decisions regarding vertical agreements have been almost non-existing concerning the Court of Justice litigation on this issue. 3. Following this premises, and without including the developments of major case laws in the adaptation of the new vertical agreement framework, the Law had correctly assumed that the Regulation No. 2790/1999 had come up with a system that was working smoothly. Consequently, the Regulation No. 330/2010 gave a full exemption to particular vertical agreement categories included with new guidelines4. Vertical agreements that ar e normally concluded between limited market power companies and lack competition hardcore restrictions are normally alleged to be pro-competitive and hence are covered by generalized exemption. Cross agreements which do not qualify according to exemptions do not face automatic prohibition but included as considering the vertical agreements beneficial effects, the undertakings and turnover should not undergo different treatment. Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) The EU Competition law has had remarkable impacts on vertical agreements including the way it affects the RPM5. Most lawyers and economist have argued that the Competition Law has had pro-competitive effects on RPM in relation to vertical agreements. The Supreme Court had a take in this during the Leegin case where it ruled to its favor but with a weak majority. The Competition Law has had both anticompetitive and pro-competitive affects on RPM but the situations leading to pro-competitive effects have proved to be of great sign ificance to vertical agreements. In a situation where there the RPM is strict, free-riding problems can be easily overcome in situations where pre-sale services are offered to consumers by retailers and go ahead to impact such services on the price6. In a similar situation, another retailer may resolve on doing away with the pre-sale services, hence ends up bearing the additional costs but supplies goods at a price that is reduced by taking advantage of the other retailers move to provide pore-sale services. In other

Substantive Law Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Substantive Law - Movie Review Example This paper intends to analyze from the substantive law point of view of the unfolding events within the movie â€Å"The Accused† as written by Tom Topper in 1988 (Ebert para 1-10). The movie is a description of unfortunate happenings that involve Sarah Tobias who is the accused of luring herself into the unfortunate rape ordeal and who is accused of the same. Moreover, in a rather twisty way, the case moves from her accusation and she becomes the accuser in trying to seek justice for her own misfortune. The movie therefore depicts that rape victims would stand to be accused in causing it to happen. The drunkards in the bar where she goes and drinks uncontrollably, shows the substantive sides of the legal movie through the abuse of Tobias rights. The drunkard men blamed the accused for first over-drunkard-ness after which she engaged in provocative dance, which leads to her rape. Under the substantive law provisions, the public (represented by the people who were drinking withi n the bar at the time of the happening) had the right to disciplined dance by the accused, which was not observed when the accused engaged in dancing provocatively. On the other hand, the accused had the right to personal security as against the assault through rape and jeering by the drunkards in the bar. ... Moreover, while drunk, the accused disrupts the peace of the customers who were enjoying themselves in the bar through indecent dances, which provoked the men to rape her. This was therefore offensive and the accused would be rightfully accused under the criminal law of engaging in risky behavior in the public. On her side as the defendant, Sarah would argue that she was entitled to taking alcohol in the bar just as any other adult person was. She would justify her dance with the fact that though she was drunk, she was allowed by the law to dance and as such, she was not responsible for any possible offence she would cause the other people through her dance. She was therefore not rightfully being accused for being the cause to her rape but rather, the rapists should have been accused for physically assaulting her and emotionally hurting her through the chanting and the jeers, which encouraged her perpetrators to continue with harassing her. On the other side of the case was the accus ed accusing the rapists of causing physical and emotional harm to her through the rape as well as the jeers and the chants. With the plaintiff deciding to lower the charges against the accused in the cases for â€Å"aggravated assault,† the complainant feels rather assaulted in that the case involved had the magnitude of brutal rape in front of other people. The court under the substantive law framework had the responsibility to treat the case with the seriousness of such a crime against the complainant’s rights and freedoms. The complainant’s argument was therefore that though she as a woman who acted indecently in the bar had the right to say no to the atrocities and be heard which was not